Manufacturing Technology Today

Anil Kumar

Abstract

Precise application of Torque is one of the most needed mechanical parameters for several industries

* Gas Turbines

* Aviation Industries

* Automobiles

* Electronic Industries

* Pharmaceutical Industries (Screw cap on medicine bottles).

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Rina Sharma ¹, Usha Kiran ¹, V. N. Ojha ¹, Anil Kumar ¹

Affiliations
1 National Physical Laboratory (CSIR), New Delhi-110012, IN

Abstract

The surface quality of mass standards is on important parameter. Surface roughness of moss standards is important as it is known to be related to contamination with pollutants (such as adsorbed water vapors etc.) and the stability of moss standards. There is a growing interest in surface roughness measurement among mass metrologist. In the present paper we present the work carried out to investigate the roughness of mass standards and try to correlate it with stability of mass standards.

Keywords

Roughness, Mass Standards, White Light Interferometry.

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Goutam Mandal ¹, Anil Kumar ¹, Dinesh Chandra Sharma ¹

Affiliations
1 Mass Standards, National Physical Laboratory, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Road, New Delhi, IN

Abstract

It is well known fact that out of seven SI base units, only "kilogram" is still an artifact. Since kilogram has no link with any Physical Constants, measurement of International Prototype of the Kilogram (IPK) is not possible and only considered equal to exactly "1 kg" immediately after cleaning and washing by the method used at the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM). Although a lot of R & D is going on throughout the world to link the kilogram to physical constant like Plank Constant, Avogadro Constant etc. The National Physical Laboratory, India (NPLI) is the custodian of National Prototype of the Kilogram (NPK) No. 57, which was provided by the BIPM in 1958 after its first calibration in 1955. The NPK has been recalibrated in 1985, 1992 & 2002 so for at the BIPM. Beside this, other derived parameters like Force and Hardness Standards, Pressure and Vacuum Standards, Fluid Flow Standards etc. are directly related to Mass Standards. Now-a-days Chemical Metrology also requires traceability of Mass Standards. Therefore, stability of the NPK is a very important issue and the instability factors should be taken into consideration for every measurement. From the previous data, the change in mass values are estimated 218 mg from 1955 to 1985 (7.3 mg/year), 36 mg from 1985 to 1992 (5.1 mg/year) and 24 mg from 1992 to 2002 (2.4 mg/year) between after cleaning and washing of previous calibration to before cleaning and washing of next calibration. Now, the recalibration period of NPK is maximum 10 years. In this paper, the BIPM method, NPL, UK formula and NMIJ, Japan formula are used to evaluate the change in mass values of NPK No. 57.

Keywords

Stability of NPK, BIPM Method, NPL, UK Formula and NMIJ, Japan Formula.

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T. Paul ¹, I. Rajakumar ¹, P. Hariharan ¹, Anil Kumar ²

Affiliations
1 College of Engineering, Anna University, Chennai, IN
2 Ceramic Matrix Composites Division, ASL, DRDO, Hyderabad, IN

Abstract

In this paper, an attempt has been made to predict and minimize the delamination in drilling of Carbon Nano Tube (CNT) reinforced epoxy carbon fiber composite laminates with Solid Carbide tool. The experiments were conducted using L9 orthogonal array with feed and cutting speed as process parameters. From the analysis of variance, the optimal combination level and the significant parameters on delamination factor are obtained. The optimization results showed that the combination of low feed rate with high cutting speed is necessary to minimize delamination in drilling of CNT reinforced epoxy carbon fiber composite laminates. The second order models for predicting delamination factor both at entry and exit of the holes have been developed using response surface methodology.

Keywords

Taguchi Method, CNT Reinforced Epoxy Carbon Fiber Composite, Delamination, Response Surface Method.

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